Abstract:

To address the bottlenecks in signature data storage and verification efficiency in existing blockchain systems, this paper investigated multi-signature algorithms based on Schnorr and BLS. With the widespread adoption of blockchain applications, traditional ECDSA signature schemes face challenges such as high computational overhead and significant storage consumption when handling large volumes of signatures. To this end, the Schnorr multi-signature scheme significantly reduced resource consumption through its signature aggregation property, while the BLS scheme enhanced signature verification efficiency and storage efficiency via bilinear mapping. The integration of these multi-signature algorithms improved the overall performance of blockchain systems. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional ECDSA scheme, the smart contract-based Schnorr and BLS multi-signature schemes exhibit clear advantages in security, computational overhead, and storage efficiency. Furthermore, the paper proposed a dynamic threshold m-of-n multi-signature scheme based on smart contracts, allowing real-time adjustment of signature policies (e.g., switching from 3-of-5 to 4-of-6) according to requirements. A multi-signature wallet dApp supporting multi-user collaborative asset management was also designed and implemented. System test results validate the security and usability of this wallet application, providing a practical foundation for blockchain multi-signature technology.

Key words: blockchain, multi-signature, Schnorr signature, BLS signature, smart contract