A Comprehensive Survey of Blockchain Technologies and Applications Based on Trusted Execution Environments

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2025.11.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Blockchain technology has been widely adopted due to its decentralization and immutability, but privacy protection and trust issues remain a major bottleneck hindering its development. Trusted execution environments (TEE) effectively address these challenges by providing hardware-isolated secure execution environments. This paper reviewed blockchain technology based on TEE and their integrated applications. Starting from the layered architecture of blockchain, it explored optimizations using TEE at different levels—data layer, transaction layer, consensus layer, contract layer, and interoperability layer—and analyzed their advantages and limitations. Additionally, this paper summarized decentralized applications combining TEE with blockchain, including decentralized trusted AI, federated learning, and private auctions.

Key words: trusted execution environments, blockchain, Web3 application

CLC Number:

TP309

GUAN Zhi, HU Jianbin, LI Yue, CHEN Zhong. A Comprehensive Survey of Blockchain Technologies and Applications Based on Trusted Execution Environments[J]. Netinfo Security, 2025, 25(11): 1673-1690.

Figures/Tables 2

References 86

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