信息网络安全 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 189-210.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2026.02.002

• 学术研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

CCASim:Arm机密计算架构性能仿真器研究

林甜甜1,2, 王奕天1,2, 王小航1,2(), 竺婷1,2, 任奎1,2   

  1. 1.浙江大学区块链与数据安全全国重点实验室杭州 310027
    2.杭州高新区(滨江)区块链与数据安全研究院杭州 310052
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-27 出版日期:2026-02-10 发布日期:2026-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 王小航 xiaohangwang@zju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:林甜甜(2002—),女,浙江,博士研究生,主要研究方向为网络空间安全|王奕天(2000—),男,江苏,本科,主要研究方向为网络与信息安全|王小航(1984—),男,浙江,教授,博士,CCF会员,主要研究方向为计算机体系结构、系统架构优化|竺婷 (2002—),女,浙江,本科,主要研究方向为集成芯片仿真系统、智能网联车信息安全|任奎(1978—),男,安徽,教授,博士,CCF会士,主要研究方向为数据安全与隐私保护、人工智能安全、智能设备与车联网安全
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发计划(BE2023005-2);国家自然科学基金(92373205);国家自然科学基金(62374146);国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4404404);浙江省尖兵领雁研发攻关计划(2024C01012);先进计算与智能工程国家级重点实验室基金;集成电路与微系统全国重点实验室基金(NICL2024KF2001)

CCASim: Research on Performance Simulator for Arm Confidential Compute Architecture

LIN Tiantian1,2, WANG Yitian1,2, WANG Xiaohang1,2(), ZHU Ting1,2, REN Kui1,2   

  1. 1. The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    2. Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang), Hangzhou 310052, China
  • Received:2025-08-27 Online:2026-02-10 Published:2026-02-23

摘要:

Armv9引入了Arm机密计算架构(Arm CCA),通过在独立的Realm世界中运行机密虚拟机,实现对不可信软件与系统环境的安全防护。CCA的体系结构设计与软件生态发展迫切需要具备功能与性能联合建模能力的仿真平台,然而现有研究要么仅支持CCA功能虚拟化而缺乏性能建模能力,要么具备性能仿真能力但未引入CCA机制,难以满足体系结构探索与性能评估需求。为此,文章设计并实现了一个支持CCA功能仿真的性能仿真平台CCASim。CCASim提供基于SniperSim的前后端分离式仿真模式以及基于Gem5的全系统仿真模式,实现了CCA核心机制的可配置建模,并支持多Realm虚拟机场景下的并行仿真。实验结果表明,CCASim能正确实现细粒度内存保护与多虚拟机隔离机制,在保证功能正确性的同时,仅引入有限的额外性能开销。与现有方案相比,文章提出的平台在仿真精度、灵活性与性能评估能力方面具有明显优势,为 Arm CCA 的体系结构研究与软件优化提供了有效工具。

关键词: 仿真器, 机密计算, 可信执行环境, Arm机密计算架构, 性能仿真分析

Abstract:

Armv9 introduces the Arm Confidential Compute Architecture (Arm CCA), which protects confidential virtual machines from untrusted software and system environments by executing them in an isolated Realm world. The architectural design and software ecosystem development of CCA urgently require a simulation platform that supports both functional modeling and performance evaluation. However, existing studies either focus on functional virtualization of CCA without performance modeling capabilities, or provide performance simulation while lacking support for CCA mechanisms, making them inadequate for architectural exploration and performance analysis. To address this gap, this paper presented CCASim, a performance simulation platform with support for CCA functional modeling. CCASim provided a front-end/back-end decoupled simulation mode based on SniperSim and a full-system simulation mode based on Gem5, enabling configurable modeling of core CCA mechanisms and parallel simulation of multiple Realm virtual machines. Experimental results demonstrate that CCASim can correctly implement fine-grained memory protection and multi-VM isolation with only limited performance overhead, while ensuring functional correctness. Compared with existing solutions, the proposed platform offers clear advantages in simulation accuracy, flexibility, and performance evaluation capability, providing an effective tool for architectural research and software optimization of Arm CCA.

Key words: simulator, confidential computing, trusted execution environment, Arm confidential compute architecture, performance simulation analysis

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