基于速度动态差异的位置服务匿名算法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2015.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着基于位置服务应用的日益流行,其潜在的用户隐私泄露问题也成为制约其发展的一大挑战。用户位置数据的泄露,可能导致与用户生活相关的活动、住址等隐私信息泄露,隐私问题成为位置服务中人们普遍关注的热门话题。尤其是在连续查询场景下,查询间存在着密切的联系,这就使得用户的隐私面临更大的威胁。针对这一问题,文章提出了一种连续查询下的隐私保护算法,称为基于速度的动态匿名算法（V-DCA）。在匿名处理时,考虑了用户的运动特征和趋势,也就是速度和加速度,并且利用历史匿名集合来产生新的匿名集合,在抵御查询跟踪攻击、保护隐私的同时提供了良好的服务质量。文章设计了一种连续查询隐私保护算法——基于速度的动态匿名算法（V-DCA）,将用户的速度、加速度作为匿名条件之一,有效地平衡了隐私和服务质量;为了评价匿名算法,分别从隐私保障、服务质量和匿名时间3个方面提出了多个度量指标;通过在真实地图及相同环境下与其他匿名算法进行比较实验,验证了V-DCA在隐私保障、服务质量和响应时间方面的良好表现。

关键词: 基于位置的服务, 隐私保护, 基于速度的动态匿名算法

Abstract:

With the extensive development of location-based services (LBSs), the potential threats to users’ privacy information have become one of the biggest challenges. With the disclosing of users’ location data, the related privacy such as users’ activities, living address may be leaked to others. Privacy issue becomes the most concerns in LBS application scenarios. Especially for continuous LBS queries, the correlations of users’ location data make it much easier to expose their privacy information. Hence, in this paper, we propose a novel privacy preserving algorithm, namely, velocity-based dynamic cloaking algorithm (V-DCA), for continuous LBS queries. V-DCA considers users’ moving properties and trends, including velocity and acceleration similarity while performing cloaking. Moreover, V-DCA utilizes the previous cloaked sets to generate current set, and provides users’ location privacy guarantees against users tracking attack while reserve their quality of service (QoS). The main contributions of this paper are as follows: we propose a novel algorithm V-DCA for continuous LBS queries, which considers users’ velocity and acceleration similarity and is balanced between privacy preserving and QoS reserving; we define the evaluation metrics to measure its performance including privacy guarantee, cloaking time, and QoS; we evaluate the algorithm in real geographic data set environment and compare its performance with other cloaking algorithms, which shows V-DCA effectiveness in continuous LBS query application scenarios.

Key words: location-based services (LBSs), privacy preservation, V-DCA

中图分类号:

TP309

王勇, 高诗梦, 聂肖, 张俊浩. 基于速度动态差异的位置服务匿名算法[J]. 信息网络安全, 2015, 15(4): 28-35.

Yong WANG, Shi-meng GAO, Xiao NIE, Jun-hao ZHANG. A LBSs Cloaking Algorithm Based on Velocity Dynamic Variation[J]. Netinfo Security, 2015, 15(4): 28-35.

图/表 6

参考文献 25

[1]	GRUTESER M, GRUNWALD D.Anonymous Usage of Location-Based Services through Spatial and Temporal Cloaking[C]//Proceedings of MobiSys 2003: The First International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Service, USA, 2003.
[2]	CHOW C Y, MOKBEL M F.Enabling Private Continuous Queries for Revealed User Locations[C]//Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Advances in spatial and temporal databases, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.
[3]	XU J, DU J, TANG Xet al. Privacy-Conscious Location-Based Queries in Mobile Environments[J]. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2010, 21(3): 313-326.
[4]	PAN X, MENG X, XU J.Protecting Location Privacy against Location-Dependent Attack in Mobile Services[J]. Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, 2011, 24(8): 1506-1519.
[5]	GIS Mapping[EB/OL]. .
[6]	STENNETH L, YU P S.Global Privacy and Transportation Mode Homogeneity Anonymization in Location Based Mobile Systems with Continuous Queries[C]//Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (CollaborateCom), 2010 6th International Conference on, Chicago, 2010: 1-10.
[7]	PAN, MENG X, XU J.Distortion-Based Anonymity for Continuous Queries in Location-Based Mobile Services[C]//Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, New York, 2009.
[8]	PAN X, XIAO Z, MENG X F.Survey of Location Privacy-Preserving[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Frontiers, 2007, 1(3): 268-281.
[9]	KIDO H, YANAGISAWA Y, SATOH T.Protection of Location Privacy Using Dummies for Location-Based Services[C]//Data Engineering Workshops, 2005, 21st International Conference on, 2005.
[10]	MOKBEL M F, CHOW C Y, AREF W G.The New Casper: Query Processing for Location Services without Compromising Privacy[C]//Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Very large data bases, Korea, 2006.
[11]	PINGLEY A, ZHANG N, FU X W, et al.Protection of Query Privacy for Continuous Location Based Services[C]//INFOCOM, 2011 Proceedings IEEE, Shanghai, 2011.
[12]	GEDIK B, LIU L.A Customizable k-Anonymity Model for Protecting Location Privacy[C]//ICDCS 2015: International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, USA, 2005.
[13]	GEDIK B, LIU L.Protecting Location Privacy with Personalized k-Anonymity: Architecture and Algorithms[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, 20087, (1): 1-18.
[14]	LIU F, HUA K A, CAI Y.Query l-diversity in Location-Based Services[C]//Mobile Data Management: Systems, Services and Middleware, 2009. MDM '09. Tenth International Conference on, Taipei, 2009.
[15]	CHOW C Y, MOKBEL M F, LIU X.A Peer-to-Peer Spatial Cloaking Algorithm for Anonymous Location- Based Services[C]//Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems, USA, 2006.
[16]	GHINITA G, KALNIS P, SKIADOPOULOS S.PRIVE: Anonymous Location-Based Queries in Distributed Mobile Systems[C]//In WWW ' 07: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on World Wide Web, Canada, 2007.
[17]	DURR F, SKVORTSOV P, ROTHEMEL K.Position Sharing for Location Privacy in Non-trusted Systems[C]//Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, Seattle, WA, 2011.
[18]	ZHONG S S, WU Y J, LUO Z, et al.A Two-tie Interaction Approach for Generating Cloaked Region in Location-Based Services[C]//Multimedia Information Networking and Security (MINES), 2011 Third International Conference on, SHANGHAI, 2011.
[19]	YIU M L, JENSEN C, HUANG X, et al.SpaceTwist: Managing the Trade-Offs Among Location Privacy, Query Performance, and Query Accuracy in Mobile Services[C]//Data Engineering, 2008. ICDE 2008, IEEE 24th International Conference on, Cancun, 2008.
[20]	XU T, CAI Y.Location Anonymity in Continuous Location Based Services[C]//Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems, USA, 2007.
[21]	WANG Y, WANG L Y, FUNG B.Preserving Privacy for Location-Based Services with Continuous Queries[C]//Communications, 2009, ICC '09, IEEE International Conference on, Dresden, 2009.
[22]	SHOKRI R, THEODORAKOPOULOS G, BOUDEC J Y L, et al. Quantifying location privacy[C]//Security and Privacy (SP), 2011 IEEE Symposium on, Berkeley, 2011.
[23]	SHOKRI R, THEODORAKOPOULOS G, DANEZIS G, et al.Quantifying location privacy: The case of sporadic location exposure[C]// 11th International Symposium, PETS 2011, Canada, 2011.
[24]	CHEN X H, PANG J.Measuring Query Privacy in Location-Based Services[C]//CODASPY, USA, 2012.
[25]	Thomas Brinkhoff: Network-based Generator of Moving Objects[EB/OL]. .