Abstract:

Blockchain application systems have achieved remarkable progress in the global market in recent years. With the proliferation of blockchain technology across various sectors such as finance, healthcare, energy, and the Internet of Things, the volume of transactions has surged, thereby exacerbating issues related to scalability and transaction costs. Addressing these challenges has turned Layer-1 and Layer-2 scaling technologies into focal points of research, with numerous methods proposed to mitigate these issues. This paper provided a concise overview of Layer-1 solutions and primarily delved into various Layer-2 solutions, comparing their respective advantages and limitations. This paper placed particular emphasis on the ZK-Rollup solution, delving into its underlying principles and examining its advantages in addressing scalability and reducing transaction fees. Furthermore, it identified potential challenges associated with ZK-Rollup technology, including security, privacy protection, and compatibility with other blockchain systems. In response to these challenges, the paper proposed possible improvements and optimizations, aiming to provide new insights and methodologies for enhancing blockchain scalability and transaction efficiency.

Key words: blockchain, ZK-Rollup, Layer-1, Layer-2