多重签名机制在区块链中的研究及实现

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2026.01.011

信息网络安全 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 125-138.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2026.01.011

多重签名机制在区块链中的研究及实现

董佳瑜¹, 高宏民², 马兆丰¹, 赖冠辉³()

1.北京邮电大学网络空间安全学院，北京 100876
2.中国移动通信有限公司，北京 100032
3.东莞市轨道交通有限公司，东莞 523000

收稿日期:2025-03-05 出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2026-02-13
通讯作者: 赖冠辉 153053823@qq.com
作者简介:董佳瑜（2002—），男，山东，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为区块链、信息安全|高宏民（1987—），男，河北，本科，主要研究方向为信息安全|马兆丰（1974—），男，甘肃，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为区块链与隐私计算|赖冠辉（1983—），男，广东，硕士，主要研究方向为信息系统管理
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U24B20146)

Research and Implementation of Multi-Signature Mechanism in Blockchain

DONG Jiayu¹, GAO Hongmin², MA Zhaofeng¹, LAI Guanhui³()

1. The School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
2. China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing 100032, China
3. Dongguan Rail Transit Co.,Ltd., Dongguan 523000, China

Received:2025-03-05 Online:2026-01-10 Published:2026-02-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对现有区块链系统在签名数据存储和验证效率方面的瓶颈，文章研究了基于Schnorr和BLS的多重签名算法。随着区块链应用的广泛普及，传统的ECDSA签名方案在处理大量签名时存在计算开销大、存储空间消耗高等问题。为此，Schnorr多重签名方案凭借其签名聚合特性，显著降低了资源消耗；而BLS方案则通过双线性映射，提升了签名验证效率和存储效率。这些多重签名算法的集成能够提高区块链系统的整体性能。实验结果表明，相较于传统ECDSA方案，基于智能合约的Schnorr和BLS多重签名方案在安全性、计算开销和存储效率方面均具有明显优势。此外，文章提出了基于智能合约的动态阈值m-of-n多重签名方案，允许根据需求实时调整签名策略（如从3-of-5切换至4-of-6），并设计实现了支持多用户协同管理资产的多重签名钱包DAPP。系统测试结果验证了该钱包应用的安全性与可用性，为区块链多重签名技术提供了现实应用基础。

关键词: 区块链, 多重签名, Schnorr签名, BLS签名, 智能合约

Abstract:

To address the bottlenecks in signature data storage and verification efficiency in existing blockchain systems, this paper investigated multi-signature algorithms based on Schnorr and BLS. With the widespread adoption of blockchain applications, traditional ECDSA signature schemes face challenges such as high computational overhead and significant storage consumption when handling large volumes of signatures. To this end, the Schnorr multi-signature scheme significantly reduced resource consumption through its signature aggregation property, while the BLS scheme enhanced signature verification efficiency and storage efficiency via bilinear mapping. The integration of these multi-signature algorithms improved the overall performance of blockchain systems. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional ECDSA scheme, the smart contract-based Schnorr and BLS multi-signature schemes exhibit clear advantages in security, computational overhead, and storage efficiency. Furthermore, the paper proposed a dynamic threshold m-of-n multi-signature scheme based on smart contracts, allowing real-time adjustment of signature policies (e.g., switching from 3-of-5 to 4-of-6) according to requirements. A multi-signature wallet dApp supporting multi-user collaborative asset management was also designed and implemented. System test results validate the security and usability of this wallet application, providing a practical foundation for blockchain multi-signature technology.

Key words: blockchain, multi-signature, Schnorr signature, BLS signature, smart contract

中图分类号:

TP309

董佳瑜, 高宏民, 马兆丰, 赖冠辉. 多重签名机制在区块链中的研究及实现[J]. 信息网络安全, 2026, 26(1): 125-138.

DONG Jiayu, GAO Hongmin, MA Zhaofeng, LAI Guanhui. Research and Implementation of Multi-Signature Mechanism in Blockchain[J]. Netinfo Security, 2026, 26(1): 125-138.

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m	n	Schnorr 验证时间/ms	BLS 验证时间/ms
2	3	7944	994
3	5	10801	1439
5	8	15958	2089

多重签名机制在区块链中的研究及实现

Research and Implementation of Multi-Signature Mechanism in Blockchain

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