智能电网中数据聚合与用户查询隐私保护研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2021.11.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

隐私保护是当下智能电网中一个重要且热门的研究课题。文章首先介绍了智能电网的背景及现存的安全问题,并分析隐私保护的重要性;然后介绍智能电网中隐私保护的现有研究方向和主要技术手段;接着介绍了现有密码学技术、区块链、安全多方计算以及人工智能技术在智能电网隐私保护方面的新突破,以及有待进一步研究的方面,为进一步的研究提供了技术基础;最后文章指出为了进一步改进隐私保护与共享的效率和轻量级程度,对密码学、区块链、人工智能、隐私增强技术以及边缘计算等关键技术及其相互之间结合进行研究,以期解决智能电网中的隐私保护与共享效率低以及通信成本高等问题。文章指出了接下来的一些研究方向,希望以此促进行业的发展。

关键词: 智能电网, 隐私保护, 密码学, 隐私增强技术, 区块链

Abstract:

Privacy protection is an important and popular research topic for the smart grid. First of all, this article introduced the background of the smart grid and the existing security issues, and analyzed the importance of privacy protection. Then, this article introduced the current research directions and main technical means of privacy protection in the smart grid, including cryptography technology, blockchain and secure multi-party computing, etc. There were some new breakthroughs in the smart grid privacy protection by combining artificial intelligence technology, as well as aspected that need further research, provided a technical basis for further research. Finally, this article pointed out that in order to further improve the efficiency and light weight of privacy protection and sharing, we should combine several key technologies, such as cryptography, blockchain, artificial intelligence, privacy enhancement technology, and edge computing, etc. In order to solve these existing problems of privacy protection in the smart grid, including low sharing efficiency and high communication costs, this article pointed out some future research directions, hoping to promote the industry.

Key words: smart grids, privacy protection, cryptography, privacy enhancement technology, blockchain

中图分类号:

TP309

李坤昌, 石润华, 李恩. 智能电网中数据聚合与用户查询隐私保护研究[J]. 信息网络安全, 2021, 21(11): 65-74.

LI Kunchang, SHI Runhua, LI En. Survey on Data Aggregation and Privacy Protection of User Query in Smart Grid[J]. Netinfo Security, 2021, 21(11): 65-74.

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数据元素	描述
姓名	使用者身份信息
地址	使用者的家庭住址
户号	使用者账户的唯一标识符
电表号	使用者电表的唯一标识符
电表IP	使用者电表的IP地址
电表读数	当前电表的读数（单位为kW·h）
实时账单	当前电表用电的实时消费信息
历史账单	电表的历史消费记录
网络信息	电器间连接网络状态
生活模式	日常生活习惯、电器使用时段和时长等信息
服务提供商	服务提供者的身份等信息

	分类	方案	技术方法	应用场景	安全特性
文献[17]	基于Paillier加密的数据聚合	基于Paillier加密系统的分层聚合数据	Paillier加密、分层聚合	智能电网	数据保密性
文献[18]	基于Paillier加密的数据聚合	智能电表本身使用Paillier 密码系统进行聚合的方案	Paillier 加密	智能电表	隐私保护
文献[19]	基于其他同态加密的数据聚合	使用同态加密系统对数据加密值及加密密钥的聚合	同态加密	智能电网大数据	安全存储
文献[21]		基于同态加密隐私保护的实时电价计费方案	加法、混合乘法同态加密	智能电网	隐私保护
文献[22]		基于同态加密的智能电表数据聚合方案	同态加密	智能电网	隐私保护
文献[16]	基于雾计算的数据聚合	基于雾计算的智能电网数据聚合研究	雾节点、云节点	智能电网	细粒度数据共享

研究文献	分类	方案	技术方法	应用场景	安全特性
文献[27]	支持聚合函数的隐私保护数据查询	PriSense、数据查询	PriSense、聚合	智能电网	隐私保护
文献[28]		Sum聚合、数据查询	同态加密、密钥	智能电网	隐私保护
文献[29]		点对点、可验证数据聚合	聚合函数	智能电网、云存储	数据保密性
文献[30]	多功能数据聚合的隐私数据查询	MuDA、数据查询	多种统计	智能电网	隐私保护
文献[31]	多功能数据聚合的隐私数据查询	PPM-HAD、数据查询	多功能数据聚合	医疗系统、智能电网	隐私保护
文献[26]	轻量级隐私数据查询	基于Diffie-Hellman密钥交换协议的隐私保护数据查询方案	密钥交换、同态加密	智能电网	隐私保护、云计算