车载自组织网络的隐私保护综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2019.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

车载自组织网络（Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,VANET）作为一种智能交通系统,能够提升交通的安全和效率。 VANET是通过专用短程通信（Dedicated Short Range Communication,DSRC）为移动车辆提供无线通信的新型网络。在VANET中,车辆可以与其他车辆以及固定在路边的路边单元（Road Side Unit, RSU）进行通信。与此同时,VANET所存在的隐私问题同样不容忽视。VANET具有开放性访问、无线通信等特性,恶意节点攻击可能会导致VANET中用户隐私的泄露,从而严重影响VANET的使用,因此隐私保护是VANET研究的关键。已有的研究成果总结了VANET中多种用户隐私保护方案,然而绝大多数未能对隐私保护方案进行分类,也没有制定出方案评价的详细标准。文章对VANET中的隐私攻击方式进行了分类,并提出了一系列评估标准,从而能够详细评估隐私保护方案的性能。

关键词: VANET, 隐私保护, 安全

Abstract:

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is an intelligent transportation system that helps people improve traffic safety and efficiency. VANET is a new type of network that provides wireless communication for mobile vehicles through dedicated short range communication (DSRC). In VANET, vehicles can communicate with other vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) that are fixed to the roadside. At the same time, the privacy issues faced by VANET cannot be ignored. VANET's features such as open access, wireless communication, and malicious node attacks may cause privacy leakage of users in VANET, which seriously affects the use of VANET. So the privacy preservation is a key topic in VANET. Many papers have summarized schemes for protecting user privacy in VANET, but most of them fail to classify privacy preservation schemes and develop a detailed criteria for evaluating these schemes. The article categorizes the privacy attacks that exist in VANET and proposes a series of evaluation criteria to enable a detailed evaluation of the performance of privacy preservation schemes.

Key words: VANET, privacy preservation, security

中图分类号:

TP309

李怡霖, 闫峥, 谢皓萌. 车载自组织网络的隐私保护综述[J]. 信息网络安全, 2019, 19(4): 63-72.

Yilin LI, Zheng YAN, Haomeng XIE. Survey of Privacy Preservation in VANET[J]. Netinfo Security, 2019, 19(4): 63-72.

图/表 4

图1

表1

表2

表3

参考文献 40

[1]	RAYA M, HUBAUX J P.Securing Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks[J]. Journal of Computer Security, 2007, 15(1): 39-68.
[2]	TALEB T, SAKHAEE E, JAMALIPOUR A, et al.A Stable Routing Protocol to Support ITS Services in VANET Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2007, 56(6): 3337-3347.
[3]	SHEN Xia, CHENG Xiang, YANG Liuqing, et al.Data Dissemination in VANETs: A Scheduling Approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2014, 15(5): 2213-2223.
[4]	YANG Liuqing, WANG FeiYue. Driving into Intelligent Spaces with Pervasive Communications[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2007, 22(1): 12-15.
[5]	ZHANG Jianming, ZHAO Yujuan, JIANG Haobin, et al.Research on Protection Technology for Location Privacy in VANET[J]. Journal on Communications, 2012, 33(8): 180-189.
	张建明,赵玉娟,江浩斌,等. 车辆自组网的位置隐私保护技术研究[J]. 通信学报,2012,33(8):180-189.
[6]	KALAIARASY C, SREENATH N.An Incentive Based Cooperation Motivating Pseudonym Changing Strategy for Privacy Preservation in Mixed Zones in Vehicular Networks[J]. Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences, 2018, 18(5): 1-11.
[7]	QU Fengzhong, WU Zhihui, WANG Feiyue, et al.A Security and Privacy Review of VANETs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2015, 16(6): 2985-2996.
[8]	BOUALOUACHE A, SENOUCI S M, MOUSSAOUI S.A Survey on Pseudonym Changing Strategies for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2017, 20(1): 770-790.
[9]	MA Mingjie, DU Yuejin, LI Fenghua, et al.Review of Semantic-Based Privacy-Preserving Approaches in LBS[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2016, 2(12): 1-11.
	马明杰,杜跃进,李凤华,等. 基于语义的位置服务隐私保护综述[J].网络与信息安全学报,2016,2(12): 1-11.
[10]	LUCKSHETTY A, DONTAL S, TANGADE S, et al.A Survey: Comparative Study of Applications, Attacks, Security and Privacy in VANETs[C]// IEEE. 2016 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), April 6-8, 2016, Melmaruvathur, India. New York: IEEE, 2016: 1594-1598.
[11]	HUANG Leping, MATSUURA K, YAMANE H, et al.Enhancing Wireless Location Privacy Using Silent Period[C]// IEEE. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, March 13-17, 2005, New Orleans, LA, USA. New York: IEEE, 2005: 1187-1192.
[12]	YAN Zheng, WANG Mingjun.Protect Pervasive Social Networking Based on Two Dimensional Trust Levels[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2017, 11(1): 207-218.
[13]	MEJRI M N, BEN O J.GDVAN: A New Greedy Behavior Attack Detection Algorithm for VANETs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2017, 16(3): 759-771.
[14]	KANG Jiawen, YU Rong, HUANG Xumin, et al.Location Privacy Attacks and Defenses in Cloud-enabled Internet of Vehicles[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2016, 23(5): 52-59.
[15]	CORSER G, FU Huirong, SHU Tao, et al.Privacy by Decoy: Protecting Location Privacy Against Collusion and Deanonymization in Vehicular Location Based Services[C]// IEEE. 2014 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Proceedings, June 8-11, 2014, Dearborn, MI, USA. New York: IEEE, 2014: 1030-1036.
[16]	JIANG Hong, KANG Baoyuan, LI Chunqing.Improved Auditing Schemes with Identity Preserving for The Integrity of Shared Data in The Cloud[J]. Netinfo Security, 2018, 18(10): 85-91.
	姜红,亢保元,李春青. 改进的保护身份的云共享数据完整性公开审计方案[J]. 信息网络安全,2018,18(10):85-91.
[17]	PAN Xiao, XIAO Zhen, MENG Xiaofeng.Survey of Location Privacy Preserving[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Frontiers, 2007, 1(3): 268-281.
	潘晓,肖珍,孟小峰. 位置隐私研究综述[J]. 计算机科学与探索,2007,1(3):268-281.
[18]	TAHA S, SHEN Xuemin.A Physical layer Location Privacy Preserving Scheme for Mobile Public Hotspots in NEMO Based VANETs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2013, 14(4): 1665-1680.
[19]	CORSER G P, FU Huirong, BANIHANI A.Evaluating Location Privacy in Vehicular Communications and Applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2016, 17(9): 2658-2667.
[20]	NIU Ben, LI Qinghua, ZHU Xiaoyan, et al.Achieving K-Anonymity in Privacy Aware Location Based Services[C]// IEEE. IEEE INFOCOM 2014-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, April 27- May 2, 2014, Toronto, ON, Canada. New York: IEEE, 2014: 754-762.
[21]	YU Ruiyun, BAI Zhihong, YANG Leyou, et al.A Location Cloaking Algorithm Based on Combinatorial Optimization for Location Based Services in 5G Networks[J]. IEEE Access, 2016, 4(10): 6515-6527.
[22]	CUI Jie, WEN Jingyu, HAN Shunshun, et al.Efficient Privacy Preserving Scheme for Real ime Location Data in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2018, 5(5): 3491-3498.
[23]	SAMPIGETHAYA K, HUANG Leping, LI Mingyan, et al.CARAVAN: Providing Location Privacy for VANET[R]. Seattle: University of Washington, Department of Electrical Engineering, 98195, 2005.
[24]	HU Hao, LU Rongxing, ZHANG Zonghua, et al.REPLACE: A Reliable Trust Based Platoon Service Recommendation Scheme in VANET[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2017, 66(2): 1786-1797.
[25]	HUANG Yan, CAI Zhipeng, BOURGEOIS A G.Search Locations Safely and Accurately: A Location Privacy Protection Algorithm with Accurate Service[J]. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2018, 10(3): 146-156.
[26]	LIU J K, CHU ChengKang, CHOW S S M, et al. Time Bound Anonymous Authentication for Roaming Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2015, 10(1): 178-189.
[27]	CABALLERO G C, MOLINA G J, HERNANDEZ S J, et al.Providing K-Anonymity and Revocation in Ubiquitous VANETs[J]. Ad Hoc Networks, 2016, 36(2): 482-494.
[28]	YAO Lin, LIN Chi, DENG Jing, et al.Biometrics-based Data Link Layer Anonymous Authentication in VANETs[C]// IEEE. 2013 Seventh International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, July 3-5, 2013, Taichung, Taiwan, China. New York: IEEE, 2013: 182-187.
[29]	BISWAS S, MIŠIC J. A Cross Layer Approach to Privacy-Preserving Authentication in Wave-enabled VANETs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2013, 62(5): 2182-2192.
[30]	SUN Yipin, FENG Zhenqian, HU Qiaolin, et al.An Efficient Distributed Key Management Scheme for Group-Signature Based Anonymous Authentication in VANET[J]. Security and Communication Networks, 2012, 5(1): 79-86.
[31]	CHAURASIA B K, VERMA S.Transactions on Computational Science[M]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.
[32]	WANG Mingjun, YAN Zheng.Privacy Preserving Authentication and Key Agreement Protocols for D2D Group Communications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018, 14(8): 3637-3647.
[33]	YAN Zheng, WANG Pu, FENG Wei.A Novel Scheme of Anonymous Authentication on Trust in Pervasive Social Networking[J]. Information Sciences, 2018, 445(20): 79-96.
[34]	JIANG Yixin, SHI Minghui, SHEN Xuemin, et al.BAT: A Robust Signature Scheme for Vehicular Networks Using Binary Authentication Tree[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2009, 8(4): 1974-1983.
[35]	CUI Jie, WEI Lu, ZHANG Jing, et al.An Efficient Message Authentication Scheme Based on Edge Computing for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2018, 18(5): 1-12.
[36]	LI Ning, YAN Zheng, WANG Mingjun, et al.Securing Communication Data in Pervasive Social Networking Based on Trust with KP-ABE[J]. ACM Transactions on Cyber Physical Systems, 2018, 3(1): 1-17.
[37]	CAO Suzhen, LANG Xiaoli, LIU Xiangzhen, et al.A New Heterogeneous Signcryption Scheme in 5G Network[J]. Netinfo Security, 2018, 18(11): 33-39.
	曹素珍,郎晓丽,刘祥震,等. 5G网络下新的异构签密方案[J]. 信息网络安全,2018,18(11):33-39.
[38]	LU Zhaojun, QU Gang, LIU Zhenglin.A Survey on Recent Advances in Vehicular Network Security, Trust, and Privacy[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2019, 20(2): 760-776.
[39]	FENG Wei, YAN Zheng, ZHANG Hengrun, et al.A Survey on Security, Privacy, and Trust in Mobile Crowdsourcing[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2018, 5(4): 2971-2992.
[40]	CHEN Yang, WANG Yong.A New Trust-Based AODV Routing Protocol and Performance Optimization towards Wireless Ad-hoc Networks[J]. Netinfo Security, 2018, 18(2): 40-47.
	陈阳,王勇. 移动Ad Hoc网络中一种安全的AODV路由协议及性能优化[J]. 信息网络安全,2018,18(2):40-47.

位置隐私保护方案		抵抗相关性攻击	抵抗恶意服务商攻击	查询内容加密	是否依靠可信第三方	服务质量	计算开销	条件隐私保护
针对V2V通信的位置隐私保护方案	文献[11]方案	高	高	是	是	低	中	是
	文献[14]方案	中	中	是	是	高	中	是
	文献[18]方案	否	不涉及	是	是	高	低	是
针对V2I通信的位置隐私保护方案	文献[15]方案	不涉及	高	是	是	高	高	是
	文献[20]方案	不涉及	高	是	否	中	高	否
	文献[21]方案	不涉及	高	是	是	中	中	是
	文献[22]方案	否	低	否	否	高	中	否
	文献[23]方案	低	中	是	是	中	高	是
	文献[25]方案	不涉及	高	否	否	高	高	否

身份隐私保护方案	匿名性	身份认证	条件隐私保护	不可链接性	计算开销	可扩展性	是否依靠可信第三方
文献^[28]方案	是	是	是	高	高	中	是
文献^[29]方案	是	是	是	中	高	中	是
文献^[30]方案	是	是	是	高	高	低	是
文献^[31]方案	是	否	否	高	中	高	否
文献^[34]方案	是	是	是	中	中	高	是
文献^[35]方案	是	是	是	低	低	高	是

数据隐私保护方案	机密性	消息认证	是否依靠可信第三方	通信开销	计算开销	消息的可信度检测
文献[18]、文献[30]和文献[34]方案	是	是	是	高	中	否
文献[6]和文献[35]方案	是	是	是	低	高	否
文献[28]方案	是	是	是	中	高	否