面向跨链的改进加权拜占庭容错算法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2023.08.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中继链是被广泛认可的跨链技术之一，当前跨链多采用实用拜占庭容错及其改进算法，如加权拜占庭容错（Weighted Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance，WPBFT）算法。WPBFT算法为节点附加权重，降低恶意节点的影响，但其权重更新机制简单，作恶成本较低，严重威胁了系统的安全。为此，针对中继链安全和效率需求，文章提出一种应用于中继链的改进加权拜占庭容错（Improved Weighted Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance，IWPBFT）算法。该算法对WPBFT算法的共识过程和权重变更机制进行改进，设计了新的权重更新和节点奖惩机制。实验表明，IWPBFT算法主节点出错概率较低，共识成功率较高，可有效提高中继链的安全性、可靠性和容错性，降低共识时延，提升中继链的跨链效率。

关键词: 区块链, 跨链, 共识算法, 拜占庭容错

Abstract:

The relay chain is one of the widely recognized cross-chain technologies. Currently, practical Byzantine fault tolerance and its improved algorithms, such as weighted practical Byzantine fault tolerance(WPBFT), are mostly used in cross-chain scenarios. WPBFT attaches weights to nodes to reduce the impact of malicious nodes, but its weight update mechanism is simple, in which the cost of evil is low, thus threatening the security of the whole system. To solve the problem, an improved practical weighted Byzantine fault tolerance(IWPBFT) was proposed for relay chains with safety and efficiency requirements, which improved the consensus process and weight change mechanism of WPBFT. This algorithm proposed a new weight update mechanism and node reward and punishment mechanism. Experiments show that the leader node has a lower error rate and a higher consensus success rate. IWPBFT improves the security, reliability, and fault tolerance of the relay chain, reduces the delay, and improves the cross-chain efficiency of the relay chain.

Key words: blockchain, cross-chain, consensus algorithm, Byzantine fault tolerance

中图分类号:

TP309

邵震哲, 蒋佳佳, 赵佳豪, 张玉书. 面向跨链的改进加权拜占庭容错算法[J]. 信息网络安全, 2023, 23(8): 109-120.

SHAO Zhenzhe, JIANG Jiajia, ZHAO Jiahao, ZHANG Yushu. An Improved Weighted Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm for Cross-Chain System[J]. Netinfo Security, 2023, 23(8): 109-120.

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共识机制	优点	缺点	适用范围
PoW	所有节点共同参与共识，安全性高，作恶成本高，需要达到全网51%算力	浪费大量计算资源和电力资源，很容易造成分叉，共识效率低，出块速度慢	对可靠性要求很高的公有链
PoS	开销小，共识效率较高，作恶成本高，需要达到全网51%币龄	代币集中化，流动性变差，造成中心化	公有链、联盟链
PBFT	不存在竞争记账机制带来的问题，共识效率高	恶意节点较多时不能达成共识，有节点准入机制	联盟链、企业级应用的链