信息网络安全

信息网络安全 ›› 2017, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6): 56-61.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2017.06.009

• 技术研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于Bell测量与三粒子纠缠态的量子密钥协商协议

石金晶, 程佳婧, 陈慧, 周芳   

  1. 中南大学信息科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-01 出版日期:2017-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 石金晶 shijinjing@csu.edu,cn
  • 作者简介:石金晶（1986-）,女,四川,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为信息安全、量子密码、量子安全通信等;程佳婧（1994-）,女,陕西,本科,主要研究方向为信息安全、量子密码、量子安全通信;陈慧（1991-）,女,湖南,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为信息安全、量子密码、量子安全通信;周芳（1994-）,女,湖南,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为信息安全、量子密码、量子安全通信。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金[61272495, 61379153, 61401519]; 教育部博士点基金[20130162110012]; 湖南省自然科学基金[2017JJ3415]

Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Bell Measurement and Three-particle Entanglement

SHI Jinjing, CHENG Jiajing, CHEN Hui, ZHOU Fang   

  1. Institute of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha Hunan 410083, China
  • Received:2017-05-01 Online:2017-06-20

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摘要： 受控非门 (Controlled NOT, CNOT)攻击可利用纠缠比特间的相关性来窃听共享密钥。受这一攻击方式的启发,文章针对量子密钥协商（QKA）中可能面临的安全与效率问题,提出了一个基于Bell测量与三粒子纠缠态的量子密钥协商协议。该协议利用受控非门将Bell纠缠态及一个单量子比特转换成三粒子纠缠态,并通过幺正操作及Bell测量,实现Alice与Bob间的密钥协商。理论分析表明,该协议是安全且有效的,其效率为40%,其安全性表现在他既可以抵抗外部窃听者的攻击,也可以抵抗内部参与者的攻击。与HSUEH[1]等人的协议和申冬苏[2]等人的协议相比,协议的两个参与者均不能事先单独决定共享密钥,且双方对共享密钥的贡献相同。

关键词: 量子密钥协商, 三粒子纠缠, Bell测量

Abstract: The controlled non-gate attack can use the correlation between the quantum entangled bits to eavesdrop the shared secret key. Inspired by this kind of attacks, this paper proposed a quantum key agreement protocol based on Bell measurement and three particle-entangled states for the security and efficiency problems that may be faced in quantum key agreement (QKA). This protocol applies a Controlled-NOT gate to convert the Bellen tangled bits and a single bit into a three-particle entangled state, and negotiate the quantum key agreement between Alice and Bob with unitary operations and Bell measurements.The theoretical analysis shows, the protocol whose quantum efficiency is 40% is safe and efficient, and its security is manifested as that it can resist both the external eavesdropper attacks and the internal attacks. Compared with the protocol of Hsueh[1]and Shen[2], either side of the two sides in the protocol cannot separately determine the shared secret key in advance, and the two participants have the same contribution to the shared secret key.

Key words: quantum key agreement, three-particle entanglement, Bell measurement

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