基于区块链的清洁能源数据溯源机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2024.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球正处于低碳发展的大趋势中，清洁能源是低碳发展的核心，也是解决气候问题的关键。目前清洁能源数据溯源方式，如中心化数据库、电子标签和能源证书等，存在中心化、数据来源和数据处理不透明等问题，无法保证数据与溯源结果的可信度和安全性。相比之下，区块链具有去中心化、透明性、不可篡改等特点，可以有效解决以上问题。因此，文章提出了一种基于区块链的清洁能源数据溯源机制。首先，文章提出了改进数据溯源描述模型ProVOC，实现清洁能源数据的全生命周期可信溯源，并通过结合区块链和图数据库实现数据的轻量化存储，提高了溯源效率；然后，文章提出了基于零知识证明的数据隐私保护机制，在用户数据隐私保护方面引入可撤销机制，在溯源数据隐私保护方面结合同态加密，实现更加安全的数据共享；最后，文章对所提出的数据溯源机制进行了功能验证和性能分析，实验结果表明，相比于现有的数据溯源框架，该机制在安全性等方面具有一定的优势。

关键词: 清洁能源, 数据溯源, 区块链, ProVOC, 零知识证明

Abstract:

The world is currently in a trend of low-carbon development, and clean energy is the core of low-carbon development and the key to solving climate problems. At present, the traceability methods for clean energy data, such as centralized databases, electronic labels, and energy certificates, have problems such as centralization, opaque data sources and processing, which cannot guarantee the credibility and security of data and traceability results. In contrast, blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, transparency, and immutability, which can effectively solve the above problems. Therefore, this paper proposed a clean energy data traceability mechanism based on blockchain. Firstly, this paper proposed an improved Provenance Vocabulary model (ProVOC) to achieve trusted traceability of clean energy data throughout its lifecycle. By combining blockchain and graph databases, the lightweight storage of data was achieved and traceability efficiency was improved. Secondly, this paper proposed a data privacy protection mechanism based on zero-knowledge proof, introducing revocable mechanisms in user data privacy protection, and combining homomorphic encryption in traceability data privacy protection to achieve more secure data sharing. Finally, functional verification and performance analysis were conducted on the proposed data traceability mechanism. Compared to existing data traceability frameworks, the experimental results show that the mechanism proposed in this paper has certain advantages in terms of security and other aspects.

Key words: clean energy, data traceability, blockchain, ProVOC, zero-knowledge proof

中图分类号:

TP309

胡海洋, 刘畅, 王栋, 魏旭. 基于区块链的清洁能源数据溯源机制[J]. 信息网络安全, 2024, 24(4): 626-639.

HU Haiyang, LIU Chang, WANG Dong, WEI Xu. Clean Energy Data Traceability Mechanism Based on Blockchain[J]. Netinfo Security, 2024, 24(4): 626-639.

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参考文献 19

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一级构件	二级构件	三级构件
数据	数据集	原始数据
	数据集	加工数据
	参数	时间参数
		空间参数
		条件参数
	安全	隐私策略
活动	无	无
执行实体	人类执行实体	无
执行实体	非人类执行实体	无
元数据	存储属性	节点数量
	存储属性	物理大小
	时间属性	更新时间
	时间属性	版本信息
	使用特征	更新频率

索引	数据
userID	LR的值
…	…

符号	含义
$A(x)$	$s\cdot W\left( x \right)$
$B(x)$	$s\cdot U\left( x \right)$
$C(x)$	$s\cdot V\left( x \right)$
$G$，${{G}_{T}}$	具有相同素数阶$p$的乘法循环群
$g$	$G$的生成元
$e$	双线性映射
$d$	QAP函数的最高阶
$m$	向量$s$的维数
$HE\left( x \right)$	满足加法同态和乘法同态的同态加密函数

方法	应用场景	溯源粒度	溯源模型	链上数据量	隐私保护
文献[17]方法	物联网	字段级	物联网数据溯源模型	大	无
文献[18]方法	物联网	文件级	无	小	无
文献[19]方法	物联网	字段级	无	小	无
本文方法	清洁能源场景	字段级	改进的ProVOC模型	小	零知识证明

符号	含义	耗时/ms
${{T}_{capture}}$	平台捕获一次数据操作所耗时间	33462
${{T}_{build}}$	将捕获数据构建为本地血缘数据所耗时间	288
${{T}_{rebuild}}$	数据溯源DAG树化重构所耗时间	92
${{T}_{f-write}}$	区块链平台存储一条数据所耗时间	8378
${{T}_{f-read}}$	区块链平台读取一条数据所耗时间	2466