Abstract:

With the rapid development of 6G, RF-based wireless sensing technology is evolving into a core pillar of the ISAC framework, transitioning from single-target, static scenarios to multi-target and collaborative sensing. However, constrained by inherent vulnerabilities such as channel openness, wireless sensing faces severe security threats. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress in wireless sensing security over the past decade at home and abroad, analyzing existing work from three dimensions: technological evolution, threat mechanisms, and defense strategies. In terms of the evolution of wireless sensing technology, the development history of sensing platforms, sensing features and sensing methods was sorted out. In terms of threat mechanisms, this paper conducted an in-depth analysis of typical attack paradigms including privacy leakage, adversarial attacks, and channel manipulation, revealing multi-level attack entry points ranging from signal acquisition and feature reconstruction to model interference. From the perspective of defense strategies, this paper summarized the development trend from passive defense to active detection, and from single-mechanism protection to cross-layer collaborative defense. Finally, this paper prospected the future development trends from the aspects of 6G ISAC security, multimodal sensing security, and lightweight trusted sensing, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the construction of secure and reliable wireless sensing systems.

Key words: RF-based sensing, Wi-Fi sensing, privacy leakage, adversarial sample attack, sensing security