宋词自动生成的信息隐藏算法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2022.07.006

信息网络安全 ›› 2022, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (7): 46-54.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2022.07.006

宋词自动生成的信息隐藏算法

杨婉霞¹^,²(), 陈帅³, 管磊⁴^,⁵, 杨忠良²^,⁴

1.甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,兰州 730070
2.清华大学天津电子信息研究院,天津 300467
3.公安部网络安全保卫局,北京100006
4.清华大学电子工程系,北京 100084
5.公安部第一研究所,北京 100044

收稿日期:2022-02-26 出版日期:2022-07-10 发布日期:2022-08-17
通讯作者: 杨婉霞 E-mail:yangwanxia@163.com
作者简介:杨婉霞（1979—）,女,甘肃,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为信息隐藏、自然语言处理|陈帅（1989—）,男,河南,工程师,硕士,主要研究方向为网络安全、大数据应用技术|管磊（1988—）,男,河北,博士研究生,主要研究方向为云计算、数据安全|杨忠良（1993—）,男,湖北,博士后,主要研究方向为信息安全、自然语言处理
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(61862002)

Information Steganography Algorithm for Automatic Generation of Song Ci

YANG Wanxia¹^,²(), CHEN Shuai³, GUAN Lei⁴^,⁵, YANG Zhongliang²^,⁴

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Institute for Electronics and Information Technology in Tianjin, Tsinghua University, Tianjin 300467, China
3. Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100006, China
4. Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
5. The First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100044, China

Received:2022-02-26 Online:2022-07-10 Published:2022-08-17
Contact: YANG Wanxia E-mail:yangwanxia@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统的文本隐写方案很难均衡隐藏容量和隐蔽性之间的矛盾。利用宋词载体语义丰富、句法灵活的特点,文章提出BERT（Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers）词嵌入结合Attention机制的Seq2Seq模型生成隐写宋词的算法。该算法采用BERT词嵌入作为生成模型的语义向量转换部分,其丰富的词向量空间保证了生成句子间语义的连贯性,提高了生成宋词的质量。另外,该算法采用格律模板和互信息选词方法约束隐写语句的生成,增强了隐藏算法的安全性。通过与现有文本隐藏算法在嵌入率方面的对比实验和分析表明,文章所提算法的嵌入率相比Ci-stega提高了7%以上,且在安全性和鲁棒性方面均有良好的表现。

关键词: 文本信息隐藏, 宋词, 格律模板, 互信息

Abstract:

It is hard to balance the contradiction between hiding capacity and imperceptibility by traditional text steganography methods. Taking advantage of the semantic richness and syntactic flexibility of Song Ci, an algorithm to generate steganographic Song Ci based on the Seq2Seq model with bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) and attention mechanism was proposed in this paper. BERT was used as the semantic vector transformation in the generation model. Its rich word vector space ensured the semantic coherence between the generated sentences and improved the quality of the generated Song Ci. In addition, the algorithm designed the word selection method using the rule template and mutual information to restrict the generation of steganographic sentences, which enhanced the security of the hiding algorithm. Compared with the existing and advanced text information hiding algorithms, the experimental results indicate that the embedding rate of the algorithm proposed in this paper is improved by more than 7% in comparison with Ci-stega, and it has good performance in security and robustness.

Key words: text information steganography, Song Ci, metrical template, mutual information

中图分类号:

TP309

杨婉霞, 陈帅, 管磊, 杨忠良. 宋词自动生成的信息隐藏算法[J]. 信息网络安全, 2022, 22(7): 46-54.

YANG Wanxia, CHEN Shuai, GUAN Lei, YANG Zhongliang. Information Steganography Algorithm for Automatic Generation of Song Ci[J]. Netinfo Security, 2022, 22(7): 46-54.

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表6

算法的时间复杂度对比

信息隐藏算法	各隐藏算法的复杂度	信息提取算法的复杂度
基于宋词的算法^[4]	O(1)	O(n)
基于全宋词的算法^[11]	O(1)	O(n)
基于马尔可夫模型的宋词生成算法（Ci-stega）^[12]	O( ${{n}^{2}}$ )	O(n)
本文算法	O( ${{n}^{2}}$ )	O( ${{n}^{2}}$ )

表6

表7

参考文献 21

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	张震宇, 李千目, 戚湧. 基于不可见字符的文本水印设计[J]. 南京理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 41(4): 405-411.
[2]	WU Guohua, GONG Lichun, YUAN Lifeng, et al. Review of Information Hiding on Chinese Text[J]. Journal on Communications, 2019, 40(9): 145-156.
	吴国华, 龚礼春, 袁理锋, 等. 中文文本信息隐藏研究进展[J]. 通信学报, 2019, 40(9): 145-156.
[3]	BEHROOZ K, BEHNAM K, BAHMAN K, et al. A New Method for pdf Steganography in Justified Texts[J]. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 2019(45): 61-70.
[4]	YU Zhenshan, HUANG Liusheng, CHEN Zhili, et al. High Embedding Ratio Text Steganography by Ci-Poetry of the Song Dynasty[J]. Journal of Chinese Information Processing, 2009, 23(4): 55-63.
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[6]	ZHANG Wei, WANG Xiaomei, ZHANG Chenxu. Coverless Text Steganography Method Based on Tone Feature Mapping[J]. Journal of Information Engineering University, 2021, 22(1): 38-43.
	张维, 王晓梅, 张晨旭. 一种基于声调特征映射的无载体信息隐藏方法[J]. 信息工程大学学报, 2021, 22(1): 38-43.
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[8]	ZHANG Jianjun, WANG Lucai, LIN Haijun. Coverless Text Information Hiding Method Based on the Word Rank Map[J]. Journal of Internet Technology, 2017, 18(2): 427-434.
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	秦川, 王萌, 司广文, 等. 基于绝句生成的构造式信息隐藏算法[J]. 计算机学报, 2021, 44(4): 773-785.
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[18]	MA Liang, WANG Zili, YANG Fan, et al. Robust State of Charge Estimation Based on a Sequence-to-Sequence Mapping Model with Process Information[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020(474): 30-35.
[19]	LI Xuehong, GUO Hui, ANG Chaoqun. Text Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Improve Line Shift Coding[J]. Computer & Digital Engineering, 2014, 42(9): 1687-1690, 1712.
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Char1	Char2	Char3	Char4	Char5	Char6	Char7
风 00	人 00	隔 00	烟 00	水 00	忧 00	江 00
白 01	舟 01	照 01	薄 01	月 01	峰 01	早 01
断 10	柔 10	日 10	窗 10	春 10	雪 10	归 10
众 11	云 11	响 11	林 11	雨 11	鸣 11	暖 11

编码器输入	编码器输出
秋月	春花秋月何时了
往事&春花秋月何时了	往事知多少
往事&春花秋月何时了&往事知多少	小楼昨夜又东风
…	…
东流&春花秋月何时了&往事知多少&小楼昨夜又东风&故国不堪回首月明中&雕栏玉砌应犹在&只是朱颜改&问君能有几多愁&恰是一江春水向东流	恰是一江春水向东流

参数	值
Song ci vocab size	6000
Type vocab size	2
Number hidden layers	8
Number attention heads	8
Max position embeddings	100
Hidden size	128
Hidden dropout prob	0.1
Hidden activate function	gelu
Intermediate size	3072

信息隐藏算法	修改格式	修改内容	语义分析	统计分析
基于文本格式的算法^[19]	Bad	Bad	Good	Good
基于语义生成的算法^[20]	Good	Bad	Good	Bad
基于全宋词的算法^[11]	Good	Bad	Bad	Bad
基于Markov的宋词生成算法^[12]	Good	Bad	Good	Bad
本文算法	Good	Bad	Good	Good

宋词自动生成的信息隐藏算法

Information Steganography Algorithm for Automatic Generation of Song Ci

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模型参数
Optimizer =‘Adam’
Vocab_size = 6000
Batch size=64 Dropout rate=0.3 Learning rate=0.0002 Max Epochs=1000

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